گفتگو: چه اصولی در قانون اساسی برای تسریع رشد اقتصادی لازم است؟
(1.7) By ashojaee on 2023-01-22 17:36:49 edited from 1.6 [source]
(2) By ashojaee on 2023-01-22 17:34:42 in reply to 1.6 [link] [source]
در اینجا من برخی نظرات اندیشمندان را در مورد اینکه چه جنبه هایی در طراحی قانون اساسی تشویق کننده رشد اقتصادی و اجتماعی است، خلاصه کرده و به همراه رفرنس ارائه داده ام.
ضروری است به خاطر داشته باشیم که تسریع توسعه اقتصادی بایستی در تعادل و هماهنگ باشد با سایر وظایف قانون اساسی در حفاظت از حقوق بشر، و ایجاد یک جامعه عادلانه با فرصتهای برابر.
برخی از جنبه هایی که در قوانین اساسی کشورهای توسعه یافته به رشد اقتصادی کمک کرده است عبارتند از:
1- تشویق کارآفرینی و نو آوری: از طریق ایجاد یک محیط مناسب، با فرصتهای برابر و بدور از رانت برای رشد کسب و کارها بویژه کسب و کارهای کوچک. نظیر ایجاد مشوقهای مالیاتی و حفاظت از حقوق معنوی
2- افزایش انعطاف پذیری بازار کار از طریق آسان سازی جابجایی و تغییر نیروی کار و حقوق پرداختی بر اساس شرایط بازار و اقتصاد
3- بهبود آموزش و تربیت نیروی انسانی متخصص و برنامه ریزی برای جذب وبکارگیری نیروی متخصص در داخل کشور
4- تشویق تجارت خارجی و سرمایه گذاری خارجی در داخل
5- تشویق توسعه پایدار از طریق بکارگیری نوآوری های تکنولوژیک از جمله در انرژی تجدید پذیر، حفاظت از محیط زیست و کاهش تولید کربن
6-افزایش کارایی دولت از طریق کاهش بوروکراسی، روان سازی و ساده سازی نقش نظارت دولت، افزایش شفافیت و مسولیت پذیری در تمام سطوح
English translation:
It's important to consider the potential trade-offs that could arise from implementing the provisions for growth and to ensure that they are in line with other constitutional principles such as protecting human rights and fostering a fair and just society.
Here are several potential areas that could be addressed in the constitutions of developed countries in order to accelerate growth rate. Some of these include:
1. Encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation: Constitutions could include provisions to promote entrepreneurship and innovation by creating a favorable business environment, such as providing tax incentives for small businesses and protecting intellectual property rights.
2. Provisions for labor market flexibility: Constitutions could include provisions to increase labor market flexibility by making it easier for firms to hire and fire employees and allowing wages to respond to market conditions.
3. Support for education and training: Constitutions could include provisions to support education and training programs that prepare workers for the demands of the modern economy.
4. Encouraging foreign trade and investment: Constitutions could include provisions to promote foreign trade and investment by making it easier for firms to conduct business abroad, and by providing incentives for foreign firms to invest in the country.
5. Promoting sustainable development: Constitutions could include provisions to promote sustainable development by encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, protecting the environment, and reducing carbon emissions.
6. Provisions for a more efficient government: Constitutions could include provisions to promote a more efficient government, such as reducing bureaucracy and streamlining regulations, as well as fostering transparency and accountability.
References:
- "Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth" by Zoltan J. Acs and David B. Audretsch, Small Business Economics (2003)
- "Flexibility and Security in the Labour Market" by Richard Freeman, Centre for Economic Policy Research (2005)
- "Education, Human Capital and Growth" by Eric A. Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann, Journal of Economic Literature (2008)
- "The Role of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Growth" by Bernard Hoekman, Aart Kraay and Marcel P. Timmer, World Development (2002)
- "Sustainable Development and Economic Growth" by Partha Dasgupta and Karl-Goran Maler, Environmental and Development Economics (2001)
- "Regulatory Reform and Economic Growth" by Susan Rose-Ackerman and Peter M. Haas, Journal of Economic Literature (1999)
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have also reports and publications on the topic of economic growth and how to achieve it. These reports are based on data and research and cover a wide range of topics including education, innovation, trade, and governance. They also provide recommendations for policy makers in different countries.