همکاری قانون اساسی

Transitional / Interim Constitutional Frameworks — Primary Texts & Comparative Resources

A) Primary Texts — By Country / Region

Africa

1. South Africa — Interim Constitution (1993)

   • Official PDF (Dept. of Justice): INTERIM.PDF
   • (Alt) Act No. 200 of 1993 (repealed, historical reference): 1993-200-Repealed.pdf
   • Background (UN Peacemaker): South Africa — Interim Constitution (1993)

2. Sudan — Constitutional Declaration for the Transitional Period (2019)

   • English PDF (International IDEA/ConstitutionNet): Sudan Constitutional Declaration (English)
   • Landing page (ConstitutionNet): Sudan — Constitutional Declaration, August 2019
   • (Alt) WIPO Lex: Legislation Details

3. Ethiopia — Transitional Period Charter (1991)

   • PDF (ConstitutionNet): Transitional Period Charter of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
   • (Alt) PDF mirror: chilot.files … Transitional Charter
   • Scholarly context (Case Western JIL): The 1991 Transitional Charter of Ethiopia

4. Somalia — Provisional Constitution (2012)

   • English PDF (Univ. of Minnesota Human Rights Library): Somalia Constitution 2012 (PDF)
   • ConstitutionNet page: Somalia — Provisional Constitution (2012)

5. South Sudan — Transitional Constitution (2011; consolidated via FAOLEX/WIPO)

   • PDF (FAOLEX): Transitional Constitution of South Sudan (2011)
   • WIPO Lex overview: Legislation Details
   • (Amendment example, 2015): Amendment Act (2015)

6. Libya — Constitutional Declaration (2011)

   • English PDF (ConstitutionNet): Libyan Interim Constitutional Declaration (2011–present)
   • (Alt consolidated PDF): Constitutional Declaration of 2011 — Consolidated (EN)
   • Background (analysis): Libya’s Transition: Constitutional Declaration

7. Democratic Republic of the Congo — (Transitional 2003, superseded); 2006 Constitution (reference for transition close)

   • 2006 Constitution PDF (ICLA, Univ. of Pretoria): DRC Constitution (2006) PDF
   • (Alt) ConstitutionNet PDF mirror: DRC — Constitution (PDF)

8. Kenya — National Accord and Reconciliation Act (2008) (core transitional power-sharing law)

   • Official PDF (Kenya Law): National Accord and Reconciliation Act, No. 4 of 2008
   • (Bill version): National Accord and Reconciliation Bill (2008)

Middle East & North Africa

1. Iraq — Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period (TAL) (2004)

   • PDF (ConstitutionNet): Iraq TAL (2004–2005) PDF
   • Refworld entry: Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period

2. Tunisia — Decree-Law No. 2011-14 (Provisional Organization of Public Authorities)

   • English PDF (ConstitutionNet): Decree-Law 2011-14 (English) PDF
   • WIPO Lex hub (Arabic/French/English): Legislation Details

3. Egypt — Constitutional Declaration (March 2011)

   • PDF (Refworld mirror): Egypt Constitutional Declaration (March 2011) PDF
   • ConstitutionNet page: Egypt — Constitutional Declaration (March 2011)
   • (Alt mirror): NDI/Squarespace PDF mirror

4. Yemen — GCC Initiative (2011) & Implementation Mechanism (2011)

   • Implementation Mechanism PDF (ConstitutionNet): Implementation Mechanism for the Transition Process (2011) PDF
   • UN Peacemaker page: GCC Initiative — Yemen
   • (Alt UN mission PDF): OSESGY — Mechanism (EN) PDF

5. Afghanistan — Bonn Agreement (2001)

   • PDF (Afghanistan Analysts Network): Bonn Agreement (2001) PDF
   • UN Peacemaker page: Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan

Europe

1. Bosnia and Herzegovina — Constitution (Annex 4 to the Dayton Accords, 1995)

   • OSCE PDF: BiH Constitution (Annex 4) PDF
   • (Alt) US Dept. of State archive: Dayton Peace Agreement — Annex 4

2. Kosovo — UNMIK Regulation 2001/9: Constitutional Framework (2001)

   • Official UNMIK PDF: UNMIK Reg. 2001/9 — Constitutional Framework PDF
   • (Alt) Refworld listing: UNMIK Reg. 2001/9

3. Poland — “Small Constitution” (Interim Constitutional Act, 1992–1997)

   • English PDF (ConstitutionNet): Poland — Small Constitution (1992–1997) PDF
   • Background (ConstitutionNet country page): Poland — Country Page

4. Spain — Political Reform Law (Ley para la Reforma Política, 1977) (enabling law for democratic transition)

   • BOE official page (with PDF/XML): BOE-A-1977-165
   • (Direct historical PDF, Spanish Congress): Ley para la Reforma Política (PDF)

B) Comparative Guides, Books & Scholarly Papers

International IDEA (highly practical)

• Interim Constitutions: Peacekeeping and Democracy-Building Tools (Policy Paper, 2015)
  PDF: Interim Constitutions — Policy Paper (PDF)
  Overview: Publication Landing Page

• Interim Constitutions in Post-Conflict Settings (Workshop Report, 2014)
  PDF: Workshop Report (PDF)

• A Practical Guide to Constitution Building (latest consolidated PDF)
  PDF: Practical Guide (PDF)
  Landing: Guide Landing Page

• What is a Constitution? Principles & Concepts (Primer 1)
  PDF: Primer PDF
  Landing: Primer Landing Page

• Sequencing Peace Agreements & Constitutions in the Political Settlement Process (2016)
  PDF: Sequencing Report (PDF)
  Landing: Publication Landing Page

Design Theory & Process

• Rosalind Dixon & David Landau — “Tiered Constitutional Design” (George Washington Law Review, 2018)
  PDF: GWLR Article (PDF)
  (Alt) SSRN: Paper Page

• Tom Ginsburg (ed.) — Comparative Constitutional Design (CUP, 2012)
  Book info/review (Oxford): ICON Review Page

• Eric Alston — “Interim Constitutions & Transitional Provisions” (SSRN working paper)
  SSRN: Paper Page

• Ginsburg & Alston — “Playing for Constitutional Time: Interim Constitutions & Transitional Provisions” (book chapter, 2017)
  Citation info: Chicago Unbound Chapter Record

C) Further Repositories & Indices

• ConstitutionNet (International IDEA’s document/analysis hub): Analysis Index
  
• Constitute Project (global constitutions database): Browse Constitutions
  
• UN Peacemaker (treaties/agreements incl. constitutional declarations): UN Peacemaker

Notes

• Where multiple mirrors are provided (e.g., constitutionnet.org, wipolex, refworld), the first link is typically the most stable/authoritative PDF; the others are reliable backups.
• This set focuses on texts that structured a political transition (interim constitutions, constitutional declarations, or enabling transition laws).